The real cause of Korea’s discounts — executive networks are the answer

As of 2024, there are 276 listed companies with trading suspended.

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RaymondsRisk proactively captured 85.9% of these 276 companies.

AUC 95.1%.

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How was it possible? Data tells us what we have in common.

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Common patterns of 276 companies

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① CB repeated issuance (strongest signal)

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More than 80% of companies with trading suspension → CB issuance history more than twice

- Especially private CB (privately issued) → Keum (2024): Private CB = significant risk signal

- The shorter the CB issuance interval, the higher the risk.

② Frequency of executive replacement

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1-2 years before trading suspension → CEO/CFO replacement frequency increases by 2.3 times on average

- In particular, recruitment of executives from outside + departure pattern after short-term tenure

- Carroll et al. (2024): Executive replacement = signal of structural reorganization

③ CB acquirer-executive network connection

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More than 60% of companies with trading suspension → Confirmation of relationship between CB acquisition company and key executives

- Lee & Kim (SSRN): Stock price manipulation is designed by networks, not individuals.

④ Decrease in the stake threshold for major shareholders

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Trading suspension averaged 9 months ago → majority shareholder's stake fell to less than 25%

- At the same time, foreign and institutional ownership decreases → volume is transferred to individuals

⑤ Predicting signals of audit opinion

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2 years before trading suspension → Audit firm replacement rate 3.2 times compared to the control group

- Going concern uncertainty note → Significant leading indicator before trading suspension

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Why financial statements alone are not enough

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These five signals all lie outside of financial statements.

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There is a CB announcement, but the acquirer's network needs to be connected to see it.

- Executive changes are announced, but they only make sense when read as a pattern.

- Audit firm replacement is fragmented in each business report.

It is impossible to analyze each of the 276 companies by hand.

RaymondsRisk automates this for 3,109 companies.

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key message

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Delisting is not an unpredictable event.

The data already knew.

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■ Reference materials

Keum (2024): Demonstration of private CB red flags.

- Lee & Kim (SSRN): Stock price manipulation and network design

-Carroll et al. (2024): Executive Replacement and Restructuring

- RaymondsRisk AUC 95.1% performance: https://www.konnect-ai.net/whitepaper

#relationalrisk #raymondsrisk #raymondsindex #konnectai

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