As of 2024, there are 276 listed companies with trading suspended.


RaymondsRisk proactively captured 85.9% of these 276 companies.

AUC 95.1%.


How was it possible? Data tells us what we have in common.



Common patterns of 276 companies


① CB repeated issuance (strongest signal)


More than 80% of companies with trading suspension → CB issuance history more than twice

- Especially private CB (privately issued) → Keum (2024): Private CB = significant risk signal

- The shorter the CB issuance interval, the higher the risk.

② Frequency of executive replacement


1-2 years before trading suspension → CEO/CFO replacement frequency increases by 2.3 times on average

- In particular, recruitment of executives from outside + departure pattern after short-term tenure

- Carroll et al. (2024): Executive replacement = signal of structural reorganization

③ CB acquirer-executive network connection


More than 60% of companies with trading suspension → Confirmation of relationship between CB acquisition company and key executives

- Lee & Kim (SSRN): Stock price manipulation is designed by networks, not individuals.

④ Decrease in the stake threshold for major shareholders


Trading suspension averaged 9 months ago → majority shareholder's stake fell to less than 25%

- At the same time, foreign and institutional ownership decreases → volume is transferred to individuals

⑤ Predicting signals of audit opinion


2 years before trading suspension → Audit firm replacement rate 3.2 times compared to the control group

- Going concern uncertainty note → Significant leading indicator before trading suspension


Why financial statements alone are not enough


These five signals all lie outside of financial statements.


There is a CB announcement, but the acquirer's network needs to be connected to see it.

- Executive changes are announced, but they only make sense when read as a pattern.

- Audit firm replacement is fragmented in each business report.

It is impossible to analyze each of the 276 companies by hand.

RaymondsRisk automates this for 3,109 companies.



key message


Delisting is not an unpredictable event.

The data already knew.



■ Reference materials

Keum (2024): Demonstration of private CB red flags.

- Lee & Kim (SSRN): Stock price manipulation and network design

-Carroll et al. (2024): Executive Replacement and Restructuring

- RaymondsRisk AUC 95.1% performance: https://www.konnect-ai.net/whitepaper

#relationalrisk #raymondsrisk #raymondsindex #konnectai

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